Remediación de un suelo de la cuenca alta del río Bogotá contaminado con los metales pesados cadmio y cromo

Abstract

Soil contaminated with heavy toxic metals such as Cd o Cr produce risks to animals and humans that consume the products produced in it. It is, therefore necessary to remedy these soils. Soil samples at 0-20cm depths were taken in a catena from Villapinzon to Bosa (Cundinamarca) at the high basin of the Bogota river. The available content of Cd and Cr was medium to high indicating contamination problems in these soils. In a soil taken near the river at the Bosa village, under screen house conditions a bio-essay was carried out to establish the effect of some materials using as indicator plants lettuce and ryegrass. The sources were CaSO4, CaCO3, Ca (H2PO4)2, FeSO4 and activated diatomaceous at different levels. A complete randomized block design with three replicates and a check was used for each indicator plant. The results showed that the Cd and Cr content in the check were high in both indicator plants. The application of 6000kg ha-1 of CaCO3 or 600kg ha-1 of Ca(H2PO4)2 on ryegrass reduced the Cd to non toxic level. The application of 4000kg ha-1 of CaCO3 or 400kg ha-1 of FeSO4 reduced significatively the Cr content. In lettuce the application of 6000kg ha-1 of CaCO3 or 2000kg ha-1 of activated diatomacea reduced the Cd concentration to non toxic level. The application of 2000kg ha-1 of CaCO3 or 400kg ha-1 of FeSO4 reduced significantly the Cd concentration.