Surface functionalization of MXenes

Abstract

MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, have received great research attention in diverse applications, including biomedicine, sensing, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, adsorption, and membrane-based separation, owing to their extraordinary physicochemical properties and various chemical compositions. In recent years, many surface functionalization strategies, such as surface-initiated polymerization and single heteroatom doping, have been cleverly developed to expand the potential of MXenes in different fields. This article reviews and puts into perspective the recent advances in MXene surface functionalization and various applications of the modified MXenes. The effect of surface functionalization on MXene properties (such as electronic, magnetic, mechanical, optical, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity) is discussed. Potential applications of pristine and functionalized MXenes in different fields are discussed. Finally, challenges and future directions in MXene surface modification are examined.