Effect of Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) Peel Extract on the Diabetic Male White Rats: Preclinical Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. T2DM is also the leading cause of death in most developed and developing countries. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effect of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) skin extract on blood glucose levels in white male rats with diabetes (preclinical study). METHOD: Experimental research in vivo with pre-test and post-test only control group design. The samples were 15 white male rats aged ± 3 months, with a 150–200 g bodyweight. Avocado peel was extracted with ethanol. Measurement of fasting blood glucose levels was carried out 3 times. Streptozotocin administration was used to increase glucose levels in experimental animals. Rats were induced by streptozotocin with 30 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally on the same day. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data obtained from each treatment group, and the level of significance was expressed in = 5%. RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose levels in the first measurement for all groups were included in the normal category, about 48.73 mg/dL. Then, the second measurement after being induced with STZ showed an increase in fasting blood glucose levels of mice with an average of 181.07 mg/dL. The third measurement showed that mice’s fasting blood glucose level was still high, except for Group IV, which decreased to 97.33 mg/dL. The results of the comparative analysis of fasting blood glucose levels on the second and third measurements showed that most of them experienced a decrease, except in Group V, and the intervention group which experienced a significant decrease, Group IV with p = 0.003 and the magnitude of the decrease was 133.33 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The concentration of 200 mg/kg BW of avocado peel extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 133.33 mg/dL after STZ induction compared to other groups.