Pollutants in seabirds from south america, a systematic review

Abstract

Environmental pollutants represent a global threat to organisms and biodiversity conservation around the world. Seabirds are distinguished from other birds by making use of both the terrestrial and marine environments, exposing themselves to a variety of pollutants. Due to this and their trophic position, they can accumulate high levels of contaminants in their tissues, which can cause negative effects on these organisms and, as a consequence, on their populations and ecosystems. Consequently, it is necessary to periodically survey natural populations, understand the status of the situation and conduct comprehensive analyses that provide relevant information for the conservation of these species. The coastal marine environments of South America are not exempt from the impact of pollutants. Because seabirds are considered good monitors of environmental quality, it is important to know what information they provide us about the presence of contaminants in these environments. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the state of knowledge of persistent organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, trace elements and emerging pollutants (plastics, pharmaceuticals, personal care, pesticides in current use, among others) in South American seabirds, identifying bioaccumulation processes in the species, possible effects associated with the presence of contaminants, and populations that are more vulnerable. We will seek to identify knowledge gaps in the region in order to strengthen future projects.