Eficacia diagnóstica de la ecografía y la histeroscopia en pacientes con patología endometrial

Abstract

Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound and hysteroscopy in patients with endometrial pathology who attended the gynecological service of the Hospital Universitario “Dr. Pedro Emilio Carrillo” January 2017- July 2017. Method: A correlational, quasi-experimental and prospective study was conducted, including 33 patients with endometrial pathology who had transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and sampling for histological study. Results: The average age of patients was 50±0.23 years (33 - 72 years), the average age of menarquia was 11.84 years; obstetric history had the following means: gestations: 2.27±2,15; 1.72±2.12; abortions: 0.09±0.38; C-section: 0.45±0.97. The menstrual cycle was irregular in 54.5%; 81.8% reported dysmenorrhea and 63.6% used oral contraceptives. Most of the patients reported having pelvic pain and a family history as a risk factor. The most frequent ultrasound diagnosis was endometrial thickening. The most common hysteroscopic diagnosis was submucosous myoma (36.4%). Transvaginal ultrasound for the diagnosis of submucosal fibroids has 100% specificity and sensitivity; hysteroscopy has 96% specificity for endometrial polyp, premalignant lesions have 100% specificity and 50% sensitivity, malignancies had 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity. There was a very low sensitivity of hysteroscopy for diagnosis of hyperplasms and polyps. Conclusion: Ultrasound has excellent efficacy for diagnosing submucosous fibroids. Hysteroscopy is very specific but has a very low sensitivity for the diagnosis of hyperplasms, polyps, and premalignant lesions.