Public awareness of malignant melanoma risk factors in Germany

Abstract

Study objective. To evaluate the effects of a German public education campaign which aimed to improve knowledge on risk factors for malignant melanoma. Design. Comparison of data from two successive cross sectional surveys conducted before (spring 1993) and after (autumn 1994) the campaign. Setting. All 56 nursery schools in Gottingen, the capital of southern Lower Saxony, Germany. Participants. Parents of children attending the nursery schools. Altogether 1341 questionnaires from parents were included in the first survey (response rate 64.9%) and 1150 questionnaires in the second survey (response rate 61.4%). Main results. The respondents in the second survey were much better at distinguishing true melanoma risk factors from false ones. The distribution of scores measuring the degree of accurate knowledge about melanoma risks indicated that this had improved significantly (p < 0.001). The most pronounced change with regard to knowledge of single risk factors could be observed for 'sunburn during childhood,' which was correctly identified by 63.1% in the first survey and by 85.6% in the second. Substantial improvement in accurate knowledge about the influence of constitutional skin factors - number of naevi, skin type etc - was also found. Conclusions. Notwithstanding the methodological problems in this analysis (non-randomised design, only before and after comparison, no control group, number of non-respondents), it is concluded that this campaign improved understanding of the risks of melanoma. Continuing public education activities should be implemented to sustain and improve further knowledge on prevention of malignant melanoma.