Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Electric Ride-Hailing Vehicles and Market-Exit Decisions Among Drivers in Underdeveloped Cities

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing electric ride-hailing vehicle (ERV) adoption and market exit among ride-hailing drivers in underdeveloped cities, aiming to enhance industry operational efficiency and workforce stability. Using survey data from 630 drivers in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China, we employ statistical modeling to analyze heterogeneous mechanisms behind ERV acceptance and market-exit behavior. The results indicate that: (1) Drivers’ environmental awareness and positive attitudes toward new energy vehicle development significantly increase ERV adoption willingness, though weak policy implementation and misconceptions about electric vehicle technology are associated with these incentives. Unlike in developed regions, range anxiety is not a significant barrier in underdeveloped cities with limited operational ranges. (2) Concerning market-exit behavior, job intensity exhibits a U-shaped relationship with exit risk, while platform income redistribution adjustments emerge as a key external factor. Notably, local full-time drivers show a marked lag in technology adoption. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing policies and promoting sustainable development in the ride-hailing industry in underdeveloped cities, providing practical guidance for policymakers and companies in shaping tailored industry regulations and operational strategies.