Optimization of Bandwidth and Return Loss of Circular Microstrip Antennas with Circular Slots for IoT Communication

Abstract

This study presents a circular microstrip antenna design for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, featuring integrated circular slots that enhance the performance of existing antennas, particularly in terms of bandwidth, return loss, and impedance matching. The main innovation in this design lies in the utilization of circular slots in the center of the patch, which differs from similar designs that typically use slots with other geometric shapes or conventional inset-fed methods. The addition of circular slots results in a more efficient current distribution, significantly reducing return loss to −38.7 dB and widening the bandwidth to 1.99 GHz, making this antenna highly suitable for IoT applications that require stable and efficient data communication at 2.4 GHz. The uniqueness of this design lies in its ability to optimize omnidirectional radiation characteristics through better impedance matching, as reflected in the very low VSWR value of 1.021. With the combination of insetfed and circular slot techniques, this antenna demonstrates superior performance compared to conventional designs in terms of transmission efficiency and signal reception. This research highlights the significant potential for developing more efficient and effective microstrip antennas to support the rapidly growing IoT systems.