Diversity Barriers in Animal Care Careers at Zoos and Aquariums

Abstract

We applied social cognitive career theory and systems theory to explore the barriers that historically excluded groups face when pursuing animal care careers at U.S. zoos and aquariums. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines survey data (N = 592) and interviews (N = 15) from zoo and aquarium animal care staff, including zookeepers, veterinarians, and aquarists. The findings show that historically excluded groups of animal caretakers report higher levels of perceived barriers to securing zoo positions compared to White animal caretakers, particularly in career awareness, self-efficacy, mentorship, and access to internship opportunities. Statistical analyses of animal caretakers revealed a statistically significant difference between historically excluded groups and their White colleagues. Historically excluded groups experience more challenges in securing and succeeding in animal care careers. While institutional barriers did not differ significantly between groups, this study underscores the need for zoos to address systemic inequities and create more inclusive environments. These findings are critical for zoos aiming to diversify their staff and enrich their decision-making processes.