Forensic investigation of burnt human remains

Abstract

In forensic casework, it is vital to be able to obtain valuable information from burnt bone fragments to ascertain the identity of the victim. Burnt bones show significant alterations both in physical and in chemical properties, and these could be obstacles to anthropological tests and DNA profiling. Heat increases the difficulties of bone identification, depending on the exposure temperature. We therefore need to collate detailed information on bone alterations during burning and the influence on appropriate interpretation of observations and test results. This review summarizes the alterations that occur in bone during the burning process, particularly focusing on coloration, weight reduction, shrinkage, deformation, fragmentation, and DNA survival. In addition, the application of micro-computed tomography imaging to burnt bone identification is introduced as one of the most advanced technologies for anthropological analysis.