Ultrasonically assisted substitution and oxidation reactions with camphor

Abstract

Substitution (bromination, thiocyanation, and nitration) reactions of camphor (CAMP) were carried out using a variety of oxidizing catalysts such as N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-Bromophthalimide (NBP), N-Bromo acetamide (NBA), trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), and ammonium metavanadate (AMV) in presence suitable salt as additive. Bromination is conducted with the reagent in presence of KBr, while thiocyanation is done in presence of NH4SCN under acid free conditions. However, nitration is carried out in presence of NaNO2 and KHSO4. Noteworthy rate accelerations are recorded in ultrasonically assisted reactions, which were attributed to cavitation effects. On the other hand, the sluggish CAN oxidation of camphor underwent substantial rate acceleration in presence of PEGs and micelles. Present protocols have depicted several greenery features such as simple work-up, fast reaction times, high product yield, eco-friendly and readily available additives as catalysts.