The “two-week wait” referral pathway is not associated with improved survival for patients with colorectal cancer

Abstract

Aim To improve survival rates in patients diagnosed with cancer in the UK, a two-week wait (2ww) referral to first appointment target and a 62 day referral to treatment target were introduced in 2004. This study analyses survival rates for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) by mode of referral and referral to treatment time. Method A prospectively maintained database of CRC outcomes at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust was analysed. Data for patients diagnosed with CRC was analysed for survival. Comparisons were made by mode of referral (2ww, urgent, routine, emergency, national bowel cancer screening programme (NBCSP) and other screening pathways). In addition, this study assessed referral to initial treatment times for patients undergoing cancer resection (<62days group vs. >62days group). Inter-group comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney-U-test. Kaplan-Meier survival probability estimates were calculated for overall survival and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival distributions in different groups. Results Overall survival (median time) was significantly lower for patients referred by the ‘2ww’ pathway (3.5 years, 95% CI: 2.7–4.30), in comparison to the ‘routine’ (5.4 years, 95% CI: 4.5–6.6) pathway (p < 0.001). Patients referred on the ‘2ww’ pathway were 1.34 times more likely to have stage IV disease at presentation in comparison to patients referred by the ‘routine’ pathway. Comparison of referral to initial treatment times showed there was no significant difference in survival between the <62days group and the >62days group (7.1 vs. 6.54, p = 0.620). Conclusion Patients diagnosed with CRC by the 2ww pathway had shorter survival times than those referred by a routine pathway.