The adsorption of tetracycline and vancomycin onto nanodiamond with controlled release

Abstract

The unique properties and tailorable surface of detonation nanodiamonds have given rise to an abundance of potential biomedical applications. Very little is known about the details of adsorption/desorption equilibria of drugs on/from nanodiamonds with different purity, surface chemistry, and agglomeration state. The studies presented here delve into the details of adsorption and desorption of tetracycline (TET) and vancomycin (VAN) on nanodiamond, which are critically important for the rational design of the nanodiamond drug delivery systems. The nanodiamonds studied in these experiments were as-received (ND), purified and carboxyl terminated (ND-COOH), and aminated (ND-NH2). The monolayer capacities of the drugs loaded onto the nanodiamonds are reported herein using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results from the desorption studies demonstrate that, by changing the pH environment of drug loaded nanodiamond using buffers of pH 4.09, 7.45, 8.02, and a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, the drug release can effectively be triggered.