Prevención de la preeclampsia. Desde la dieta hasta la aspirina: revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction and objective: To explore the different prevention strategies for preeclampsia that have been proposed throughout the history. Method: A narrative review of the historical, scientific evidence available between 2016 and 2021 on aspirin and other preeclampsia prevention strategies in computerized bibliographic databases of studies published in indexed journals. Results: Several studies confirm the effectiveness of aspirin to prevent preterm preeclampsia in high-risk populations, considering this as a safe drug with low risk of complications, with greater evidence of effectiveness when started before 16 weeks of gestation and apparently with a dose-dependent effect. Interventions such as reducing salt intake, bed rest, supplementation with fatty acids, antioxidants, L-arginine, zinc, magnesium, the use of diuretics or proton pump inhibitors have not shown its usefulness in the prevention of high risk preeclampsia patients. Conclusions: Low-dose aspirin is a safe drug in pregnancy and is effective to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk populations. Is the most widely studied throughout history prevention strategy for endothelial dysfunction during pregnancy.