High systolic blood pressure is associated with increased cardio-ankle vascular index in the elderly

Abstract

Background: Increased arterial stiffness caused by elevated Blood Pressure (BP) can be indicated by the Cardio-ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). However, the relationship between arterial stiffness and BP is complex. In addition, changes in BP may contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with abnormal lipid profiles. So far, results from published studies have been inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate lipid profiles and BP, and their association with CAVI values in elderly participants. Methods: The study included 95 elderly Thai individuals. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and BP and CAVI values were established. Participants were then divided into low-CAVI (CAVI < 9, n = 50) and high-CAVI groups (CAVI ≥ 9, n = 45). Stepwise linear and logistic regression models were used. Results: The high-CAVI group had significantly higher BP and hypertension levels, than the low-CAVI group. The mean age of the high-CAVI group was also higher (≥65 years). CAVI value was positively correlated with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Pulse Pressure (PP) in the high-CAVI group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed SBP (b = 0.43, p < 0.01) and hip circumference (b = −0.23, p = 0.01) were associated with CAVI values. Logistic regression of the high-CAVI indices showed that the Odds Ratios (ORs) for the factors of age ≥65 years, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia were 7.35 (95% CI 2.42-22.36, p < 0.01), 0.20 (95% CI 0.64-0.67, p < 0.01) 4.72 (95% CI 1.67-13.32, p < 0.01), and 4.84 (95% CI 1.42-16.46, p = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: A higher SBP level was correlated with a high-CAVI value in elderly people.