Generation and characterization of torudokimab (Ly3375880): A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin-33

Abstract

Background: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an alarmin that is released following cellular damage, mechanical injury, or necrosis. It is a member of the IL-1 family and binds to a heterodimer receptor consisting of ST2 and IL-1RAP to induce the production of a wide range of cellular mediators, including the type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. This relationship has led to the hypothesis that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is a driver of allergic disease and inhibition of the IL-33 and ST2 association could have therapeutic benefit. Methods: In this paper, we describe the selection of a phage antibody through the ability to bind human IL-33 and block IL-33/ST2 interaction. This hit antibody was then affinity matured by site-directed mutagenesis of the antibody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). Further characterization of a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb), torudokimab (LY3375880) included demonstration of human IL-33 neutralization activity in vitro with an NFκB reporter assay and IL-33 induced mast cell cytokine secretion assay, followed by an in vivo IL-33-induced pharmacodynamic inhibition assay in mice that used IL-5 production as the endpoint. Results: Torudokimab is highly specific to IL-33 and does not bind any of the other IL-1 family members. Furthermore, torudokimab binds human and cynomolgus monkey IL-33 with higher affinity than the binding affinity of IL-33 to ST2, but does not bind mouse, rat, or rabbit IL-33. Torudokimab’s half-life in cynomolgous monkey projects monthly dosing in the clinic. Conclusion: Due to torudokimab’s high affinity, its ability to completely neutralize IL-33 activity in vitro and in vivo, and the observed cynomolgus monkey pharmacokinetic proper-ties, this molecule was selected for clinical development.