The Effect of the Petroleum Ether Extracts from Mangosteen Pericarp ( Garcinia mangostan a L.) on Interferon-gammaand, Interleukin-12 Activities in AlbinoWistar Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

Background. Garcinia mangostana L(GML) pericarp extract is known to contain active substances called Xanthones (α, β and γ Mangosteens) which is the biggest derivative and has strong antioxidant effects. This substance also has antiinflammatory, antilipid, anticancer, antibacteria and antituberculosis effects. However, its mechanism is still unclear. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) invasion into the lungs through the respiratory tract can cause severe infection. The body has an immune system which controls infection by eliminating germs to ease the burden of infection. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 12 (IL-12) acts as positive feedback in stimulating macrophages to kill M. tuberculosis. During this process, oxidative compounds (ROI,RNI,NO) that plays an important role in the phagolysosome fusion process are produced. Not only does the consumption of GML pericarp extract as an antioxidant becomes the immunomodulator to enhance the immune's activities, it also functions as an antioxidant that can neutralize the oxidative compounds produced by the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of EPEBh GML on IFN-γ and IL-12 secretion activities in mice infected with M. tuberculosis. Materials and method. This study used 30 Wistar rats, 150-200g of weight and 8-10 weeks old. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups each consisting of 5 rats, including the negative control (without infection and without EPEKBh GML intervention) and a positive control (rats were infected with M.tb H37Rv at a dose of 10 6 cfuas much as 0.2 ml through the trachea for 6 weeks). Once infected, the rats were then intervened with EPEKBhGML 30, 60, 120 dose and 180 mg/kg bodyweigh/day for 1 month. Afterward the rats were necropsied and dissected for the blood to be taken directly from the heart. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were analyzed using the ELISA method. Data were then analyzed using One-Way ANOVAtest followed by Post-Hoc test (LSD), a significant P <0.05, to assess the comparison between groups. Results. Results show that EPEKBh GML significantly affect the rise of IFN-γ levels, with a P value 0,000<0,05 and IL-12, with a P value of 0,045 <0,05. Conclusion. EPEKBh GML was effective in increasing the activity of IFN-γ and IL-12 and the most effective dose to increase IFN-γ and IL-12activity was 120 mg/kgbody weight/day. Also, increasing the dose to a higher dosage had no effect on IFN-γ and IL-12 activity, in fact it tended to decline.This results need to further study to understand what the reason.