Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review

Abstract

Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) represents a perilous complication critical complication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever associated with high mortality. DSS is characterized by circulatory failure, presenting as a rapid, weak pulse, narrow pulse pressure, or hypotension, and can rapidly progress, leading to severe complications and death if not treated correctly. The intricate pathogenesis involves increased vascular permeability, myocardial dysfunction, and dehydration, leading to relentless multiorgan failure. The onset of shock in dengue is abrupt, and its progression is unyielding. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical assessment, supported by serology and viral material identification. Unfortunately, specific methods for predicting outcomes and progression are lacking. Effective management necessitates close monitoring, early detection, and timely and aggressive fluid resuscitation, primarily using normal saline, Ringer lactate, or colloid solutions. Notably, corticosteroids and intravenous offer no proven benefits, and as of now, no specific therapy has demonstrated efficacy in improving survival.