Promise and reality of practical potassium-based energy storage systems

Abstract

The soaring demands for reliable, safe, and low-cost power grid request the rational development of innovative energy storage systems with cost-effectiveness and sustainability. In response, potassium-based energy storage systems have recently attracted considerable attentions as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries targeting applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Latest years have indeed witnessed excellent review articles summarizing research activities and technological advances in this realm. However, such a field is progressing so fast that many updates have not been fully caught up. In this review, recent advances in the designing strategies for the anode component of potassium-based energy storage devices, including potassium-ion batteries, potassium metal batteries, and potassium-ion hybrid capacitors, are extensively reviewed. The existing challenges are acknowledged in the beginning of each section pertaining to these systems, followed by presenting the fruitful progress achieved. A brief proposal for future directions in this emerging field is put forward at the end of the context.