Riesgo de complicaciones perinatales en embarazadas con periodontitis moderada y severa, en la ciudad de Córdoba. Argentina

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate moderate to severe Periodontitis (M/SP) in pregnant women as a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and low birth weight (LBW). Method: This observational and prospective cohort study involved 66 pregnant women between weeks 24 and 30 of gestation, without diagnosed systemic pathologies, attending at the Maternal and Neonatology University Hospital, Cordoba, Argentina. The patients were integrated into Group 1 or Cohort exposed to risk (CER) and Group 2 or Cohort not exposed to risk (CNER) according to whether they showed or not moderate to severe PD in no less than 4 points situated in different quadrants of the mouth. The following clinical indicators were considered: Dental Plaque Index (DP); Gingival index (GI); Periodontal Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CALe"3 mm). Later, the perinatal data was collected from the medical records, according to the Perinatal informatic system, Latin American Center of Perinatology and Human Development-Panamerican Health Organization/WHO) and submitted to under proper statistical analyses. Results: Group 1 or CER comprised twenty-one patients (n=21); Group 2 or CNER comprised twenty-three women. 22 pregnant women had to be excluded due to medical reasons. 13.6% of the patients gave birth before the 37th week of gestation (PTB). The Odds Ratio for prematurity was 6.06 (CI 95%; 5.86 - 7.76); 2.8 for PROM (CI 95%; 1.81 - 4.39) and no differences were found concerning LBW among the population studied. Conclusion: In the population of patients studied, moderate to severe PD in pregnant women constitute a real risk factor for premature birth as well as for premature rupture of membranes; on the other hand, these diseases would not seem to affect low birth weight.