The latest trends in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

AIMS: This review article focuses on electrochemical biosensors in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and their latest trends and advances. In particular, non-enzymatic, non-invasive, wearable, and non-glucose biosensors are described. METHODS: The current literature was searched and recent works on this matter were cited and discussed in the text of this paper. RESULTS: The overworld health problem, the incurable disease, the global burden on health insurers and society, and above all one of the leading causes of death – all characterize diabetes mellitus, a lifelong chronic disease that affects hundreds of millions of people around the world. The new types of biosensors bring new opportunities in the care of diabetic patients and improve current methods. The practical relevance of the recent fi ndings is expected in medicine in next years. CONCLUSIONS: The authors summarized the modern possibilities of biosensing, their pros and cons, and their perspectives for the future. The discussion outcome from the current literature