Public policies of sustainable tourism: Brazilian hispanic perspective

Abstract

Promotion of tourism for decades has triggered a phenomenon of tourist overcrowding, with harmful effects for the resident population of the tourist territories (mainly the difficulty of access to housing), and especially for natural resources and the environment. The (imperative) need for tourism policies to be sustainable is forcing the gestation of measures so far unthinkable, which go through the limitation of the number of visitors in their different manifestations. This article sets out as a fundamental objective the analysis of the causes of tourist overcrowding, which go through a strictly numerical promotion of the number of visitors or the incentive of tourist holiday housing; Likewise, the impact of the massification on the price of housing, the expulsion of the resident population, or the generation of social conflicts and phobic tourism is studied. The methodology followed for this article consists of an analysis of the sociological and anthropological changes experienced mainly in Spain (and the rest of Europe) and Brazil, and the revision of the existing regulations, in order to confirm whether it is still useful for the purpose pursued., or if on the contrary it should be subject to review. As the reader will check next, the latter is the result achieved, always from the perspective of reconciling tourism as an economic activity, and the preservation of the environment. In conclusion, the implementation of environmentally sustainable tourism policies is suggested from the aspect of land management, taxation, the limitation of tourist rental and access to public domain spaces, among others.