Takayasu's arteritis in pregnancy: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, primarily affecting young women in their reproductive years. It can result in the narrowing and occlusion of arteries and the formation of aneurysms in arteries, especially those related to the aorta, creating significant risks during pregnancy. Women with TA are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and heart failure, which can negatively affect both maternal and fetal health. This case report details a 23-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with TA during the first trimester, presenting with symptoms of fainting and pulselessness in her right upper limb. Doppler imaging of the right upper limb confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment for TA was initiated alongside comprehensive antenatal care. In the third trimester, she also developed gestational hypertension. And at 36 weeks of gestation, due to placenta previa and preterm premature rupture of membranes, an emergency cesarean section was performed. Timely medical intervention resulted in a favorable outcome, with an uneventful postpartum recovery. This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and collaborative care in pregnant women with TA to ensure better outcomes for both mother and child. Understanding the clinical aspects of TA is essential for effective management and improved prognosis.