Nutrition and Health from Womb to Tomb

Abstract

Fulfilment of the genetic potential of individuals is impaired by malnutrition and other environmental factors throughout life. The impact of nutritional factors in early childhood helps to explain why the known adult risk factors, demonstrable in populations, are poor predictors of cardiovascular disease in individuals. The combined findings of early and later risk factors strengthen the conclusion that the bulk of so-called degenerative diseases and many other functional impairments in adult life occur because of environmental factors, of which diet may be the most important. The apparent increased susceptibility to degenerative diseases of adults born small-for-date suggests that the increase in meat, fat, and calorie consumption with rising affluence is particularly hazardous for formerly poorly nourished populations. Articles confirming the nutritional origins of a wide range of diseases and disabilities at all ages increasingly predominate in the health-related scientific literature. Recognition that so much disease can be prevented or delayed by improved diet and related lifestyles constitutes a new paradigm applicable to the populations of both developing and industrialized countries.