Chlamydophila Psittaci as an Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen of Global Significance

Abstract

Emerging zoonoses of varied etiologies constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and in a wide species of animals. Among these, chlamydiosis caused by Chlamydiophila psittaci, is an infectious emerging zoonosis of considerable significance. The disease is reported from many countries of the world including India. The respiratory tract is recognized as the prime portal of entry. Clinical findings are variable, which include respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, musculoskeletal and dermatological. Mortality rate in untreated patients can be 10 to 20%. Chlamydiosis can be diagnosed by microbiological, immunological and molecular techniques. Tetracyclines and doxcycycline are considered the treatment of choice. It is imperative that patient with atypical pneumonia and history of contact with birds should be investigated for C. psittaci infection. Increased awareness about disease can help to shorten the diagnostic delay and improve patient outcome. It is emphasized that zoonotic transmission risk from pet birds and domestic animals should be further recognized. New approaches for the control of chalmydiosis in poor resource nations seem imperative. Stronger cordial cooperation is required among the veterinary, medical, public health and wild life scientists to control the emerging zoonoses including chlamydiosis.