Hard-to-Heal Wounds

Abstract

A hard-to-heal wound or chronic wound is a wound that fails to heal in an expected time due to disruption of the normal healing process. Commonly encountered chronic wounds are those occurring in patients with diabetes, long-standing pressure injuries, and venous diseases. If not treated properly, a chronic wound might be complicated with infection, threatening limb loss, and serious psychological impacts. This review addresses the concepts of chronic wound management, emphasizing the TIMERS principle. Care for specific types of wounds and modern dressing materials used in chronic wound care are also discussed.