Plaquette Ising models, degeneracy and scaling

Abstract

We review some recent investigations of the 3d plaquette Ising model. This displays a strong first-order phase transition with unusual scaling properties due to the size-dependent degeneracy of the low-temperature phase. In particular, the leading scaling correction is modified from the usual inverse volume behaviour ∝ 1/L3 to 1/L2. The degeneracy also has implications for the magnetic order in the model which has an intermediate nature between local and global order and gives rise to novel fracton topological defects in a related quantum Hamiltonian.