AHP-Based Evaluation of Core Non-Technical Skills for Seafarers in Maritime Operations

Abstract

As digital technologies and automation continue to reshape the maritime industry, the focus is gradually shifting from technical to non-technical skills among seafarers. With machines increasingly taking over routine operational tasks, competencies such as communication, decision-making, and situational awareness are becoming essential for safe and effective shipboard operations. This study investigates the role of non-technical skills in maritime transportation by drawing on insights from expert consultations and a systematic review of academic literature. Through this dual approach, five core competencies were identified as particularly relevant to safe and effective shipboard operations: teamwork, communication, situational awareness, decision-making, and leadership. To assess the relative importance of these competencies, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed, enabling structured prioritization based on expert judgments. This method provided a clear understanding of which non-technical skills are most critical in contemporary maritime contexts. Results highlight situational awareness as the most critical non-technical skill, underlining its importance in dynamic and high-risk environments. The findings offer practical guidance for maritime training providers and organizations aiming to improve crew development, recruitment, and operational safety through a more targeted focus on non-technical skills.