Association Between Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index, Dietary Intake, and Birth Size Outcomes: Results From the VDPM Cohort Study in Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives: This study analyzed the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI), dietary intake status, and birth size outcomes in the VDPM cohort study in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: The VDPM study is a prospective longitudinal study including 239 healthy pregnant women of Indonesian women with singleton pregnancies. Data on maternal dietary intake including energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, and anthropometry were collected during pregnancy. Newborn anthropometry for 195 newborn babies was measured immediately after delivery. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were constructed to determine the association between PPBMI, dietary intake status, and birth size outcomes. Results: The mean birth weight was 3195 ± 463 g. Dietary intake of pregnant mothers had a significant correlation with newborn birth weight, length of birth, head circumference, and placental weight as pregnancy outcome indicators (p ≤ 0.05). This study showed that no association between pre-pregnancy BMI status and birth size outcomes (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Our studies have not shown a statistically significant difference between PPBMI and birth size outcomes. However, maternal dietary intake associated with birth size outcomes, more research is warranted to confirm these findings.