Estimate the Runoff and Groundwater Recharge in Abu-Gharib Area, Western Baghdad Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Groundwater is an important resource in arid and semi-arid areas. This study focuses on the western governorate of Baghdad. Climate data for the study area was obtained from the Baghdad Airport Meteorological Station for the period 1990–2022. The monthly average temperature, relative humidity, evaporation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and total annual rainfall are 23.7°C, 43.049 %, 3119.82 mm, 3.18 m/s, 8.69 h/day, and 120.78 mm, respectively. The climate of the research area is classified as dry to sub-arid, with relatively hot summers and cold winters. This study employs Soil Conservation Services (SCS) methods to estimate runoff and groundwater recharge, crucial for sustainable water resource management. Climate and soil data from the area were analyzed to model runoff potential and groundwater recharge rates. Key findings include seasonal variations in runoff dynamics influenced by precipitation and soil characteristics. Results indicate an annual total runoff of 17.76 mm and groundwater recharge estimated as 14 mm, highlighting the importance of effective soil conservation strategies in mitigating water scarcity. This research contributes valuable insights into hydrological processes in semi-arid environments and informs local water management practices.