Compression behaviour of cold-rolled steel sections with web openings: a review

Abstract

The utilization of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements in structural engineering has experienced a recent surge due to its diverse advantages. When incorporating electrical or plumbing systems within the thickness of floors or walls, it becomes necessary to fabricate members with holes along the web, impacting their resistance. This paper aims to offer a valuable and comprehensive summary of existing literature pertaining to cold-formed steel angle (CFSA) compression members featuring web perforations. It delves into both experimental investigations and numerical analysis on cold-formed (CF) sections with web holes exposed to compression, bending, web crippling, and shear, with a focus on the substantial advancements made in the past 10 years. Design recommendations for each stress state are also outlined. The summary encompasses design concepts from primary codes and numerical methods for calculating local, global, and modes of buckling caused by distortion. This review also covers optimization methods for CFS structures, focusing on enhancing compressive, buckling, cyclic, dynamic, and thermal performance through techniques like GA, PSO, and SA. Studies highlight advancements in CFS structural optimization by addressing practical constraints, multi-hazard resilience and maximizing design efficiency. The goal is to compile the latest knowledge on CFSA compression members with holes, identifying areas that warrant further exploration, considering the limited coverage in prior research.