Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides is a strong predictor of accelerated atherogenesis and related cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Background - Upward trends of obesity urge more effective identification of those at cardiovascular risk. A simple dichotomous indicator, enlarged waist (≥88 cm) combined with elevated triglycerides (≥1.45 mmol/L) (EWET), was shown to offer advantages in identifying individuals with atherogenic "lipid overaccumulation" compared with other indicators, including the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (MS-NCEP). Whether EWET offers superior disease and event prediction in postmenopausal women, however, remains unknown. Methods and Results - A community-based sample of 557 women (48 to 76 years of age) were followed up for 8.5 ± 0.3 years to assess the utility of EWET and MS-NCEP in estimating the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and the annual progression rate of aortic calcification. At baseline, 15.8% of women had EWET and 17.6% had MS-NCEP. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were increased in carriers of the dichotomous indicators (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, smoking, and LDL cholesterol, presence of EWET was associated with a 4.7-fold (95% CI, 2.2 to 9.8; P<0.001) increased risk and presence of MS-NCEP was associated with a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.5; P<0.001) increased risk for fatal cardiovascular events. Exclusion of women with prevalent diabetes did not change these trends; respective hazard ratios were 4.2 (95% CI, 1.9 to 9.3; P<0.001) and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 5.5; P<0.05). Among those who were discordant for EWET and MS-NCEP at baseline, those who had EWET alone (n=21) had a higher annual progression rate of aortic calcification compared with those who had MS-NCEP alone (n=31; P<0.05). Conclusions - The combined presence of EWET may be the best indicator of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Other components of the MS-NCEP add little medical value to screening in general practices. © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.