Evaluación económico-productiva de un sistema de producción de leche en el trópico

Abstract

Economic and productive evaluation of a tropical dairy unit. This study was conducted at Campo Experimental La Posta, in Paso del Toro, Medellín de Bravo, Veracruz, México. The objective was to assess the economic and productive behavior of a specialized tropical dairy system (TDS). The dairy system included Holstein (Hs), Brown Swiss (BS) and Cebu crosses (C) cattle. Genotype, sex, season, weight at birth (BW), daily weight gain (DWG) at weaning GDP1, GDP2 weaning-year, GDP3 year-18 months, age at conception, days in lactation, production/ lactation, and the mean standard error for each (EEM), were utilized to determine the productive performance. Initial investment, income, expenses, variable costs (CV), net gains, profitability (P), total production cost, equilibrium point, and profit margin (PM) were considered for financial analysis. The highest BW (P<0.05) in males was for the genotype 80- 99% BS (41.62 kg; MSE 2.95); the lowest GDP1 (P<0.05) in females was of BS (423 kg; MSE 0.08). ACONC showed differences (P<0.05) that favored genotypes BS and 50% Hs (25.73 and 26.67 months; MSE 4,205 and 9.08 respectively). The best PL (P<0,05) was for the genotype 80-99% Hs (3796 L; MSE 246.35). Initial investment was US$78660.5; the factors that most impacted CV were feed (26.24%) and labor (16.70%). Net gain was of US$2971.6, and Its cost:benefit ratio was 1:1.11. A TDS can achieve a production of 4000 L per lactation and be self-financing. PU - Universidad de Costa Rica. Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano para el Mejoramiento Cultivos y Animales PI - San Pedro PA - San Pedro