Effect of heat treatment and nitrogen atmosphere during post-curing on mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners

Abstract

Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D)-printed aligners present a promising orthodontic treatment modality, whose clinical success largely depends on the material’s mechanical properties.The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of resin-made 3D-printed aligners and assess the effect of two different post-curing conditions. Materials and methods: Forty dumbbell-shaped specimens and 40 resin aligners were 3D-printed and divided into four equal groups according to post-curing conditions: presence or absence of oxygen during post-curing and water heat treatment at 85°C for 15 s or none. Samples from the central incisor of the aligner (n = 5/group) were studied by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The dumbbell-shaped specimens were loaded up to fracture under tensile mode and yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic and plastic strain were calculated. The first mandibular molar area from 3D-printed aligners (n = 10/group) was cut and embedded in acrylic resin and then underwent metallographic grinding and polishing followed by instrumented indentation testing to determine the following mechanical properties: Martens hardness, indentation modulus, elastic index, and indentation relaxation. After descriptive statistics, differences according to each post-curing protocol, as well as their combination, were analyzed with linear regression modeling at a 5% significance level. Results: All groups showed identical ATR-FTIR spectra, while no statistically significant effects were seen for either post-curing protocol (N2 presence and heat treatment) or their combination (P > .05 in all instances). Conclusions: The mechanical properties of 3D-printed resin aligners were not considerably affected either by post-curing in N2 atmosphere or heat treatment.