KOMUNIKASI BAHAYA DAN EDUKASI BUDAYA K3 PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI MEBEL KAYU DI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH

Abstract

Bahaya dan risiko kesehatan keselamatan kerja (K3) pada pekerja mebel kayu banyak berasal dari debu kayu dan bahan kimia seperti berbagai jenis cat, pelarut organik, dan lem kayu. Budaya kerja sehat selamat yang kurang serta tidak adanya proses komunikasi bahaya pada sektor informal ini, berpeluang munculnya penyakit akibat kerja (PAK) pada pekerja. Dari hasil wawancara bersama 4 orang mantan karyawan pekerja mebel, diketahui alasan berhenti bekerja karena mulai adanya gangguan pernapasan seperti muntah darah, batuk lama, berat badan menurun, dan napas sering tersengal atau sesak. Sehingga, mereka tidak sanggup lagi kembali bekerja di pabrik mebel setelah sembuh karena gejala dan penyakit dapat timbul kembali apabila terpapar debu dan bahan kimia yang ada di pabrik. Untuk itu, dilakukanlah kegiatan komunikasi dan edukasi untuk mengetahui jenis bahaya dan risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan pada pekerja disini dan cara pencegahannya. Kegiatan dilakukan tiga tahapan, dimulai dengan survei awal untuk identifikasi. Tahap kedua, pemberian komunikasi berbentuk edukasi pengenalan bahaya dan risiko di tempat kerjanya, cara membaca lembar data keselamatan bahan (LDKB), penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD), dsb. Dari hasil komunikasi ini diketahui adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pekerja sebesar 22,25 poin (28%) yang dilihat dari nilai rata-rata pre-test 57 dan post-test 79,25. Tahap akhir, evaluasi implementasi setelah dua bulan kegiatan. Dari hasil pementauan diketahui bahwa masih sedikit pekerja yang mau menerapkan hasil edukasi terutama dalam penggunaan APD selama bekerja. Untuk itu, disarankan agar pemilik pabrik mebel menganggarkan dana untuk pembelian alat keselamatan yang nyaman serta mewajibkan pekerja menggunakannya selama bekerja.The source of Occupational health and safety (OHS) hazards to wood furniture workers was from wood dust and chemicals such as various types of paint, organic solvents, and wood glue. The safe and healthy work culture and hazard communication were largely not well implemented in this informal sector. As a result, occupational diseases appear in workers. The interview result of 4 former employees, their stop working reason related to respiratory problems such as blood vomiting, long time coughing, weight lose day by day, and frequent hard to breath. So that, they could not able to return to work in this factory because symptoms and diseases could reappear when exposed to factory hazards. So that, communication and education activities were carried out to find out the types of hazards and risks of workers’ safety and health. The activity was performed in three stages, starting with an initial survey to identify overall hazards and risks in the workplace. The next stage provided hazard communication with education method. Communication materials related to the identification of hazards and risks in the workplace, how to read material safety data sheets (MSDS), use of personal protective equipment, etc. From the results was known that there was an increase in workers' knowledge. This could be seen from increasingly 22.25 points (28%) the average result value of participant answers the questions at post-test activity than pre-test. Pre-test average points was 57 points and after the implementation of communication, the average score of participants rose to 79.25. The last stage of the activity was an evaluation. It held two months later to find out the implementation of the previous communication. From the monitoring results was known still few workers who had willing to apply the results of education, especially to use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. For that, it is recommended that the employer be able budgeting the funds to purchase the comfortable safety equipment and required workers to use them while working.