Flow Modeling for Hybrid Solar Chimney System Optimization Using Nozzle and Canopy

Abstract

This study presents a computational investigation of a hybrid solar chimney (HSC) system optimized through the introduction of internal geometric modifications—specifically, a nozzle, a canopy, and a combined nozzle-canopy design. The objective is to enhance natural ventilation and increase power output by improving airflow dynamics and thermal performance. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), three modified HSC models were analyzed and compared to a validated baseline case. The results indicate that the nozzle increases axial velocity and improves the conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy, while the canopy stabilizes and directs the updraft, enhancing flow coherence. The combined model achieved the highest performance, with a maximum air velocity of 4.18 m/s and a power output increase of over 80% compared to the conventional design. Temperature contours revealed improved thermal stratification and energy retention, particularly along the chimney centerline. The findings confirm that integrating both nozzle and canopy structures into the chimney design significantly enhances system efficiency, providing practical insights for sustainable building ventilation and solar energy utilization.