Prevalence and ecological association of foliar pathogens of cucumber in North Carolina, 1996-1998

Abstract

During the fall growing seasons of 1996-98, 5,400 leaves exhibiting leaf spots were collected from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fields and microscopically examined to identify the organisms associated with these symptoms. Five fungal pathogens were associated with leaf lesions: Alternaria cucumerina, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Corynespora cassiicola, Didymella bryoniae, and Pseudoperonospora cubensis; D. bryoniae and C. orbiculare occurred most frequently. When pathogens were paired on five or more leaves, associations between pathogen pairs were tested for independence via a 2-by-2 contingency table χ2 analysis. In all, 66 two-way pathogen associations were tested. Of these, 39 associations were negative (occurred together less often than expected at random), I was positive (occurred together more often than expected at random), and, in 16 cases, the pathogens were not associated. An association between C. orbiculare and D. bryoniae occurred 24 times and, each time, the relationship was negative. This result, combined with different environmental requirements for infection, suggests that these pathogens either occupy different niches in the plant canopy or are antagonistic. No relationship between the cultivars grown or the fungicides applied and the pathogens isolated from specific field sites was found. Information on the dominant pathogens responsible for leaf spot epidemics in North Carolina's cucumber fields will be useful to target breeding and disease control strategies.