Statistical study of ULF waves in the magnetotail by THEMIS observations

Abstract

Ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves are ubiquitous in the magnetosphere. Previous studies mostly focused on ULF waves in the dayside or near-Earth region (with radial distance R<12RE). In this study, using the data of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission during the period from 2008 to 2015, the Pc5-6 ULF waves in the tail region with X∗-GSM<0, 8RE