The treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (HSIL): between active surveillance and surgery—a 10-year monocentric data analysis

Abstract

Purpose: In recent years, active surveillance has been introduced as an alternative to excisional treatment in younger women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN 2) because spontaneous regression rate is high and excisional treatment is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. However, the potential effect of this conservative approach on the risk of developing cervical cancer has not been evaluated very well. Methods: The present study offers a real-life analysis of treatment pathways for patients diagnosed with CIN 2. Results: Following CIN 2 diagnosis, 84 cases out of 187 (44.9%) were managed conservatively for at least 7 months and 103 cases (55.1%) were admitted for an excisional procedure LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure). Out of 84 patients observed with a CIN 2 diagnosis, 64 showed persistence of CIN 2 lesion (76.2%), 14 showed spontaneous remission under active surveillance (16.7%), 4 progressed to CIN 3 (4.8%) and 2 to carcinoma (one case of vaginal carcinoma and one case of cervical adenocarcinoma (Supplementary Fig. 1) (2.4%). We observed the regression of CIN 2 in 16.7% of patients on active surveillance and this was statistically significant during the observation period (95% CI 5.72–10.85, p < 0.001) (Supplementary Fig. 3). Conclusion: The choice of treatment was strongly associated with HPV typing in our study. Patients with HPV 16 infection underwent surgery more often than patients without HPV 16 infection. The difference in our study was statistically significant (p < 0.001). We observed regression of CIN 2 in 16.7% of patients on active surveillance and this was statistically significant to the observation period (95% CI 5.72–10.85, p < 0.001).