The Value of Screening for Bicuspid Aortic Valve in First Degree Family Members

Abstract

A 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea presented with a two-week history of dyspnea. The patient was hypoxic with bilateral leg edema. Initial workup showed elevated troponin at 0.15 ng/mL, brain natriuretic peptide of 720 pg/mL, and hyponatremia. Chest X-ray revealed lungs infiltrates with possible pneumonia. An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and ST depression in septal leads. He received diuretics and antibiotics for fluid overload and pneumonia. Blood culture showed methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55-60%, a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with mild aortic stenosis and calcification, and an ascending aortic aneurysm of 4.2 cm, though no vegetations. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) demonstrated the BAV, 1.4 cm mobile vegetation, an abscess on the aortic annulus, severe aortic regurgitation, and 4.6 cm ascending aortic aneurysm. He underwent aortic valve replacement, ascending aortoplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting. He was discharged with eight weeks of antibiotics after a good recovery with resolution of fever, dyspnea, and bacteremia. His son was diagnosed with BAV earlier. Consequently, by screening echocardiogram and education, our patient could have avoided complications of severe infective endocarditis.