Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Surgical Site Infections following Stoma Reversal in Colorectal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are common complications after surgery, which cause other complications and increase medical costs. However, the effect of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for the prevention of SSI at stoma reversal remains inconclusive, with controversial results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NPWT following stoma reversal in colorectal surgery to prevent SSI and other wound complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to July 2022 and identified relevant studies reporting the NPWT administration following stoma reversal in colorectal surgery compared with non-pressure dressing. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI, and the secondary outcomes were hematoma, seroma, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 825 patients with (n = 310) or without (n = 515) NPWT. Pooled SSI rate was lower in the NPWT group than in the non-pressure dressing group (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.84; P = 0.01). There was no significant effect on hematoma (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.27; P = 0.09), seroma (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.28; P = 0.1) and LOS (MD = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.83, 0.51; P = 0.64). Conclusion: The use of NPWT following stoma reversal in colorectal surgery reduced the incidence of SSI. However, this conclusion needs to be interpreted with caution, and further studies should be conducted to confirm in higher-quality RCTs.