Organ-on-a-Chip Technology and Global Multi-Omics: Current Applications and Future Directions

Abstract

Biomedical research models are undergoing continuous evolution, while conventional models (two-dimensional/ three-dimensional cultures and animal studies) face limitations in physiological relevance and ethical constraints. Against this backdrop, the integration of organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology with multi-omics methodologies is driving a profound paradigm shift in the field. OoC platforms utilize microfluidic technology to construct biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironments capable of highly simulating human physiological and pathological states, while multi-omics technologies (e.g., proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) provide systematic molecular profiling capabilities. The integration of these two approaches enables multi-scale mechanistic analysis from molecular networks to the tissue level, significantly enhancing their potential in drug development and personalized medicine strategies. This article systematically reviews the research progress and existing challenges in this interdisciplinary field, with a focus on: (1) The developmental trajectory of OoC platforms from two-dimensional to biomimetic three-dimensional systems; (2) mechanistic insights revealed by the integration of multi-omics and OoC technology in modeling disease processes; and (3) key issues in the standardization and clinical translation of OoC technology. Finally, the paper proposes a development roadmap for constructing next-generation disease models, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and strategic guidance for the establishment of standardized systems and clinical translation pathways in this field.