Shoreline changes analysis of Kendal Coastal Area

Abstract

Shoreline changes occur due to abrasion and accretion processes that are triggered due to intensive human activities in coastal areas. The shoreline in the Kendal region is dynamic, and shows mixed results from tidal and dominated by riverine activity. The Shoreline changes have different impacts, all of which may not be visible. Coastal dynamics in the Kendal region cause spatial-temporal shoreline changes. To observe these we need a long and continuous set of data. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in the shoreline in parts of the Kendal coastal district and to calculate the value of the changes. The data used were derived from TM data 1990, to OLI data 2017. To derive the shoreline from the satellite data, a band ratio of Red band to IR band was employed. The shorelines were digitized and saved along with the appropriate MM/DD/YYYY added to the attribute table. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was used to compute rate-of-change statistics. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is an extension of ArcGIS, developed by USGS. Using the extension, transects were laid every 100 m. Then, using NET SHORELINE MOVEMENT (NSM), LINEAR REGRESSION RATE (LRR) and END POINT RATE (EPR), the changes every 100 meters were analyzed and stored in a table. Subsequently, using the table, erosion, and accretion, were analyzed, and understood. The farthest accretion process was 1763.29 m and 792.14 m for the abrasion processes.