Eksplorasi Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar: Systematic Literatur Review

Abstract

This study aims to map trends in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning in elementary schools for the 2021-2025 period, analyze technology integration, and identify future research opportunities. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 33 scientific articles using the PRISMA protocol. The results showed that the learning model trend was dominated by a constructivist approach, with the Inquiry model being the most dominant (11 articles), followed by Problem-Based Learning (7 articles) and Discovery Learning (6 articles). Learning strategies shifted towards Digital-Based Learning and gamification through group discussions, environmental observation, and innovative methods such as Window Shopping. Technology integration through digital media such as Augmented Reality (AR), Canva, and gamification platforms (Kahoot, Quizizz, Wordwall) was proven effective in increasing learning motivation by up to 93.23%, strengthening student engagement, and visualizing abstract concepts concretely. Despite the positive impact, the main challenge lies in the stability of internet infrastructure. Future research opportunities include exploring cooperative models such as Student Facilitator and Explainer (SFAE) and developing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) variables. In conclusion, the synergy between active learning models and interactive digital media is key to effective science learning in elementary schools.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan tren pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) di sekolah dasar periode 2021-2025, menganalisis integrasi teknologi, serta mengidentifikasi peluang riset masa depan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 33 artikel ilmiah menggunakan protokol PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tren model pembelajaran didominasi oleh pendekatan konstruktivistik, dengan model Inquiry sebagai yang paling dominan (11 artikel), diikuti Problem Based Learning (7 artikel) dan Discovery Learning (6 artikel). Strategi pembelajaran bergeser ke arah Digital-Based Learning dan gamifikasi melalui metode diskusi kelompok, observasi lingkungan, serta metode inovatif seperti Window Shopping. Integrasi teknologi melalui media digital seperti Augmented Reality (AR), Canva, dan platform gamifikasi (Kahoot, Quizizz, Wordwall) terbukti efektif meningkatkan motivasi belajar hingga 93,23%, memperkuat keterlibatan siswa, dan memvisualisasikan konsep abstrak secara konkret. Meskipun berdampak positif, tantangan utama terletak pada stabilitas infrastruktur internet. Peluang penelitian mendatang mencakup eksplorasi model kooperatif seperti Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) dan pengembangan variabel keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS). Kesimpulannya, sinergi antara model aktif dan media digital interaktif menjadi kunci efektivitas pembelajaran IPAS di sekolah dasar.