Assessment of Five Questionnaires for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Southern Italian Population: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing burden to society, and remains underdiagnosed in Italy. This study aimed at evaluating five validated screening questionnaires to consider which one was the most accurate, and the optimal cut-off score for each to be considered for the Southern Italian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 patients were recruited in the study. The age range was 46–85 years. All subjects underwent spirometry, and completed the five questionnaires: CDQ, LFQ, COPD-PS, COPD-SQ, and CAPTURE. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were drawn for each questionnaire. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), values for the optimal cut-off score and previously recommended score were calculated and compared. Results: Of the questionnaires, the CDQ, LFQ, and COPD-SQ had significant differences between COPD (n = 86) and non-COPD (n = 52) groups. The AUCs for each questionnaire with (95%CI) were: CAPTURE, 0.602 (0.431–0.773); CDQ, 0.714 (0.555–0.872); LFQ, 0.331 (0.183–0.479; COPD-PS, 0.652 (0.497–0.807); and COPD-SQ, 0.679 (0.520–0.837). Only the CDQ and COPD-SQ had significant AUC screening characteristics. The optimal cut-off values for the CDQ, LFQ, and COPD-PS were modified to 22, 10, and 4, respectively. The COPD-SQ remained at 17. Conclusion: The CDQ and COPD-SQ can discriminate between individuals with and without COPD in the Italian population. The CDQ has a moderate screening accuracy, and the COPD-PS and COPD-SQ have low accuracy, when the optimal cut-off scores are used. Of the five questionnaires assessed, the CDQ and COPD-SQ questionnaires could be used for screening for COPD in the Southern Italian population.