Overview of the discus fish (Symphysodon spp.): narrative review combined with potential for ornamental aquaculture

Abstract

The discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) is an Amazonian cichlid species with great appeal in the ornamental fish market due to its characteristic shape, coloration, and behavior. This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the discus fish. In the wild, discus fish are found in acidic waters with low levels of nitrogen compounds and warm waters. Despite being a well-known species among aquarium hobbyists, large-scale breeding is still considered difficult and surrounded by myths about the species, discouraging the interest of professional breeders. This work contributes information on the general biology of a group of Amazonian fishes with ornamental importance. Therefore, it is important for the knowledge of aquarists, producers, exporters, scientists, students, and public agencies that regulate the use of this fish, which constitutes an essential component of the Amazonian aquatic fauna.