Determinants of Road Traffic Accident Occurrences in Amhara Region: A Case Study from Debre Markos to Injibara Road Section

Abstract

This study mainly describes the different dam failure modes which can affect the downstream societies and property in the world wide and was aimed to analyze the over topping and piping mode of dam failures for the Mhtsab Azmati embankment dam due to their highly occurrence from the others. The hydrological assessment, the dam breach dimensions, the downstream flood hydrographs, the development of the inundation map and the emergency action plan were among the specific tasks done in this paper. The meteorological data, physical features of the dam, DEM, land use and land cover and stream flow from other gauged river were the data collected for this study. The hydrologic model HEC – HMS version 4.2.1, the regression equations MacDonald and Langridge Monopolis (1984), Froehlich (1995), Froehlich (2008) and Von Thun and Gillette (1990), the hydraulic model HEC – RAS version 5.03 and the Arc GIS tools HEC – GeoHMS and HEC – GeoRAS were also the methods which used for the analysis. The probable maximum flood