Valorization of Waste Hemp Hurd as Reinforcement in Extruded Thermoset Composites

Abstract

Biobased composites from fast growing hemp have drawn significant attention because they are inexpensive, biodegradable, sustainable, promote the circular economy, and have good mechanical properties. This proof-of concept study focused on utilizing low value hemp hurd (H), a byproduct of hemp fiber production, as a reinforcement for use in biocomposite materials. The H was characterized by particle size, surface area and chemical composition. Mixtures of 30–50% H and 70–50% phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin were blended and subsequently extruded on a single screw extruder. The uncured (wet) blends were evaluated for their rheological properties and showed pseudoplastic behavior. The extruded biocomposites were cured and their water absorption, flexural strength/modulus, and thermal properties were determined. The water absorption properties increased with H content 17% after 12 days for 30 H to 44% for 50 H. The biocomposites containing 40% H had a flexural strength of 41 MPa, while lower values were obtained at 50% and 30% H. These results show that underutilized H can be valorized in extrudable biocomposites.