High-fiber diet promotes metabolic, hormonal, and satiety effects in obese women on a short-term caloric restriction

Abstract

Background – Several mechanisms, including excessive hun-ger, account for patients’ difficulties in maintaining weight loss and dietary changes after caloric restriction. Objective – To evaluate the effect of short-term high-fiber calorie-restricted diet in appetite-regulating hormones, and hunger and satiety sensations in women with obesity. Methds – In a randomized controlled trial study, thirty women with body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg/m2, and aged from 20 to 50 years were hospitalized following a calorie-restricted diet (1000 kcal/day) for three days. The experimental group (n=15) received high-fiber diet and the control group (n=15), conventional diet. Body weight, BMI, resting energy expenditure (REE), acylated and total ghrelin, leptin, insulin and glucose, and hunger and satiety sensations were evaluated. Linear re-gression models with mixed effects (fixed and random effects) helped to assess the variables between the two groups and within the groups. Results – Body weight and BMI decreased in both the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). After the high-fiber diet, postprandial acylated ghrelin (P=0.04), glucose (P<0.001), insulin (P=0.04), and leptin (P=0.03) levels as well as the HOMA-IR index (P=0.01) decreased, whereas satiety improved (P=0.02). Obese women that followed the conventional diet had increased body fat percentage (P=0.04) and lower REE (P=0.02). The two diets did not differ in terms of hunger sensation. Conclusion – A short-term high-fiber diet improves satiety sensations and metabolic parameters while suppressing postprandial acylated ghrelin (60 minutes) and maintaining the resting energy expenditure. Triffoni-Melo AT, Castro M, Jordão AA, Leandro-Merhi VA, Dick-de-Paula I, Diez-Garcia RW High-fiber diet promotes metabolic, hormonal, and satiety effects in obese women on a short-term caloric restriction.