Role of Geoenergy in Meeting Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

Geoenergy engineering, which includes the use of geothermal energy and other forms of energy stored inside the Earth, is of key importance for the transition to renewable energy sources in the global energy mix. The article discusses the role of geoenergy science and engineering in meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with particular attention to SDG 6 (access to clean water), SDG 7 (clean energy), SDG 9 (innovativeness), SDG 11 (sustainable cities), and SDG 13 (climate-related actions). The article also describes the role of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of geothermal projects in pursuing Sustainable Development Goals. The analyses and reviews presented in the article indicate that geoenergy engineering will have a significant role in the meeting of Sustainable Development Goals by the energy sector. Energy production in geothermal power plants is expected to increase, reducing the demand for energy from conventional sources. The article also lists the most significant challenges faced by the geoenergy industry, such as high initial costs, demand for highly specialized workers and for adequate financing, as well as for LCA-based research regarding the general environmental impact of new geoenergy facilities.